Prehistoric Times
c. 1.7 million years ago – 21st century BC
The origins of Chinese civilization emerged along the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers, shaped by legendary leaders such as the Yellow Emperor, Yao, and Shun.Xia Dynasty
c. 21st – 17th century BC
Regarded as the first hereditary dynasty in Chinese history, marking the formation of early state systems.Shang Dynasty
c. 17th century BC – 1046 BC
Known for advanced bronze craftsmanship and oracle bone inscriptions, reflecting a mature early civilization.Zhou Dynasty
1046 – 256 BC
Introduced the feudal system and ritual culture, laying the foundation of traditional Chinese political philosophy.Spring and Autumn Period
Warring States Period
Qin Dynasty
221 – 207 BC
The first unified imperial dynasty of China, standardizing laws, writing, and measurements.Han Dynasty
202 BC – AD 220
A golden age of expansion and cultural influence; the Silk Road flourished during this era.Three Kingdoms Period
AD 220 – 280
A time of division among Wei, Shu, and Wu, famous for military strategy and historical legends.Jin Dynasty
AD 265 – 420
Brief reunification followed by internal strife, leading to long-term regional division.Northern and Southern Dynasties
AD 420 – 589
Political fragmentation accompanied by ethnic integration and cultural exchange.Sui Dynasty
AD 581 – 618
Reunified China and constructed the Grand Canal, paving the way for Tang prosperity.Tang Dynasty
AD 618 – 907
Considered one of the greatest empires in Chinese history, known for openness, arts, and global influence.Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
AD 907 – 960
A transitional period of rapid regime changes between Tang and Song.Song Dynasty
AD 960 – 1279
An era of remarkable economic growth, innovation, and cultural achievements.Liao, Western Xia, and Jin Dynasties
10th – 13th centuries
Coexisting multi-ethnic states that shaped medieval Chinese geopolitics.Yuan Dynasty
AD 1271 – 1368
Established by the Mongols, integrating China into a vast Eurasian empire.Ming Dynasty
AD 1368 – 1644
Strengthened imperial rule and expanded maritime trade, with major architectural achievements.Qing Dynasty
AD 1644 – 1911
The final imperial dynasty of China, reaching territorial peak before modern transformation.
